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Snapcraft Guide (Linux)

This guide provides information on how to package your Electron application for any Snapcraft environment, including the Ubuntu Software Center.

Предыстория и требования​

Together with the broader Linux community, Canonical aims to fix many of the common software installation problems with the snapcraft project. Snaps are containerized software packages that include required dependencies, auto-update, and work on all major Linux distributions without system modification.

There are three ways to create a .snap file:

1) Using Electron Forge or electron-builder, both tools that come with snap support out of the box. This is the easiest option. 2) Using electron-installer-snap, which takes @electron/packager's output. 3) Using an already created .deb package.

В некоторых случаях вам нужно установить инструмент snapcraft. Инструкции по установке snapcraft для вашего конкретного дистрибутива доступны здесь.

Использование electron-installer-snap​

The module works like electron-winstaller and similar modules in that its scope is limited to building snap packages. Вы можете установить его с:

npm install --save-dev electron-installer-snap

1 Шаг: Упакуйте ваше приложение​

Package the application using @electron/packager (or a similar tool). Удостоверьтесь, что вы удалили node_modules, которые не понадобятся вам в финальной версии приложения, так как любой неиспользуемый модуль в конечном счете увеличит размер вашего приложения.

Консольный вывод должен иметь примерный вид:

.
└── dist
    └── app-linux-x64
        ├── LICENSE
        ├── LICENSES.chromium.html
        ├── content_shell.pak
        ├── app
        ├── icudtl.dat
        ├── libgcrypt.so.11
        ├── libnode.so
        ├── locales
        ├── resources
        ├── v8_context_snapshot.bin
        └── version

Step 2: Running electron-installer-snap​

С терминала, который имеет snapcraft в PATH, запустить electron-installer-snap с единственным требуемым параметром --src, которое является местоположением вашего упакованного приложения Electron, созданного на первом шаге.

npx electron-installer-snap --src=out/myappname-linux-x64

If you have an existing build pipeline, you can use electron-installer-snap programmatically. For more information, see the Snapcraft API docs.

const snap = require('electron-installer-snap')

snap(options)
  .then(snapPath => console.log(`Created snap at ${snapPath}!`))

Using snapcraft with @electron/packager​

Step 1: Create Sample Snapcraft Project​

Create your project directory and add the following to snap/snapcraft.yaml:

name: electron-packager-hello-world
version: '0.1'
summary: Hello World Electron app
description: |
  Simple Hello World Electron app as an example
base: core22
confinement: strict
grade: stable

apps:
  electron-packager-hello-world:
    command: electron-quick-start/electron-quick-start --no-sandbox
    extensions: [gnome]
    plugs:
    - browser-support
    - network
    - network-bind
    environment:
      # Correct the TMPDIR path for Chromium Framework/Electron to ensure
      # libappindicator has readable resources.
      TMPDIR: $XDG_RUNTIME_DIR

parts:
  electron-quick-start:
    plugin: nil
    source: https://github.com/electron/electron-quick-start.git
    override-build: |
        npm install electron @electron/packager
        npx electron-packager . --overwrite --platform=linux --output=release-build --prune=true
        cp -rv ./electron-quick-start-linux-* $SNAPCRAFT_PART_INSTALL/electron-quick-start
    build-snaps:
    - node/14/stable
    build-packages:
    - unzip
    stage-packages:
    - libnss3
    - libnspr4

If you want to apply this example to an existing project:

  • Replace source: https://github.com/electron/electron-quick-start.git with source: ..
  • Replace all instances of electron-quick-start with your project's name.

Step 2: Build the snap​

$ snapcraft

<output snipped>
Snapped electron-packager-hello-world_0.1_amd64.snap

Step 3: Install the snap​

sudo snap install electron-packager-hello-world_0.1_amd64.snap --dangerous

Step 4: Run the snap​

electron-packager-hello-world

Using an Existing Debian Package​

Snapcraft is capable of taking an existing .deb file and turning it into a .snap file. The creation of a snap is configured using a snapcraft.yaml file that describes the sources, dependencies, description, and other core building blocks.

Step 1: Create a Debian Package​

If you do not already have a .deb package, using electron-installer-snap might be an easier path to create snap packages. However, multiple solutions for creating Debian packages exist, including Electron Forge, electron-builder or electron-installer-debian.

Step 2: Create a snapcraft.yaml​

For more information on the available configuration options, see the documentation on the snapcraft syntax. Let's look at an example:

name: myApp
version: '2.0.0'
summary: A little description for the app.
description: |
 You know what? This app is amazing! It does all the things
 for you. Some say it keeps you young, maybe even happy.

grade: stable
confinement: classic

parts:
  slack:
    plugin: dump
    source: my-deb.deb
    source-type: deb
    after:
      - desktop-gtk3
    stage-packages:
      - libasound2
      - libnotify4
      - libnspr4
      - libnss3
      - libpcre3
      - libpulse0
      - libxss1
      - libxtst6
  electron-launch:
    plugin: dump
    source: files/
    prepare: |
      chmod +x bin/electron-launch

apps:
  myApp:
    command: bin/electron-launch $SNAP/usr/lib/myApp/myApp
    desktop: usr/share/applications/myApp.desktop
    # Correct the TMPDIR path for Chromium Framework/Electron to ensure
    # libappindicator has readable resources.
    environment:
      TMPDIR: $XDG_RUNTIME_DIR

As you can see, the snapcraft.yaml instructs the system to launch a file called electron-launch. In this example, it passes information on to the app's binary:

#!/bin/sh

exec "$@" --executed-from="$(pwd)" --pid=$$ > /dev/null 2>&1 &

Alternatively, if you're building your snap with strict confinement, you can use the desktop-launch command:

apps:
  myApp:
    # Correct the TMPDIR path for Chromium Framework/Electron to ensure
    # libappindicator has readable resources.
    command: env TMPDIR=$XDG_RUNTIME_DIR PATH=/usr/local/bin:${PATH} ${SNAP}/bin/desktop-launch $SNAP/myApp/desktop
    desktop: usr/share/applications/desktop.desktop

Optional: Enabling desktop capture​

Capturing the desktop requires PipeWire library in some Linux configurations that use the Wayland protocol. To bundle PipeWire with your application, ensure that the base snap is set to core22 or newer. Next, create a part called pipewire and add it to the after section of your application:

  pipewire:
    plugin: nil
    build-packages: [libpipewire-0.3-dev]
    stage-packages: [pipewire]
    prime:
      - usr/lib/*/pipewire-*
      - usr/lib/*/spa-*
      - usr/lib/*/libpipewire*.so*
      - usr/share/pipewire

Finally, configure your application's environment for PipeWire:

    environment:
      SPA_PLUGIN_DIR: $SNAP/usr/lib/$CRAFT_ARCH_TRIPLET/spa-0.2
      PIPEWIRE_CONFIG_NAME: $SNAP/usr/share/pipewire/pipewire.conf
      PIPEWIRE_MODULE_DIR: $SNAP/usr/lib/$CRAFT_ARCH_TRIPLET/pipewire-0.3