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Signature de code

Code signing is a security technology to certify that an app was created by you. You should sign your application so it does not trigger any operating system security warnings.

macOS Sonoma Gatekeeper warning: The app is damaged

Both Windows and macOS prevent users from running unsigned applications. It is possible to distribute applications without codesigning them - but in order to run them, users need to go through multiple advanced and manual steps.

Si vous développez une application Electron destinée à être empaquetée et distribuée, son code devrait être signé. The Electron ecosystem tooling makes codesigning your apps straightforward - this documentation explains how sign your apps on both Windows and macOS.

Signature & certification des versions macOS​

Preparing macOS applications for release requires two steps: First, the app needs to be code signed. Ensuite, l'application doit être téléchargée sur Apple pour un processus de certification appelé notarization, où des systèmes automatisés vérifieront en détails que votre application ne fait rien pour mettre en danger ses utilisateurs.

Pour démarrer le processus, assurez-vous que vous remplissez les conditions pour signer et certifier votre application :

  1. S'inscrire au Programme de Développeurs Apple (moyennant des frais annuels)
  2. Download and install Xcode - this requires a computer running macOS
  3. Generate, download, and install signing certificates

L'écosystème d'Electron donne priorité à la configuration et a la liberté et bien sur donc il y a plusieurs moyens de signer et certifier votre application.

Utilisation d’Electron Forge​

Si vous utilisez l'outil de génération d'Electron vous devrez faire quelques ajouts à votre configuration pour signer et certifier votre application. Forge est une collection d'outils officiels d'Electron qui utilise sous le capot @electron/packager, @electron/osx-sign et @electron/notarize.

Des instructions détaillées sur la configuration de votre application peuvent être trouvées dans le guide Signer les applications macOS dans la documentation d'Electron Forge.

Utilisation d'Electron Packager​

Si vous n'utilisez pas un pipeline de construction intégré comme Forge, vous utilisez probablement @electron/packager, qui comprend lui mêm @electron/osx-sign et @electron/notarize.

If you're using Packager's API, you can pass in configuration that both signs and notarizes your application. If the example below does not meet your needs, please see @electron/osx-sign and @electron/notarize for the many possible configuration options.

const packager = require('@electron/packager')

packager({
  dir: '/path/to/my/app',
  osxSign: {},
  osxNotarize: {
    appleId: 'felix@felix.fun',
    appleIdPassword: 'my-apple-id-password'
  }
})

Signature des applications Mac App Store​

See the Mac App Store Guide.

Signature des versions Windows​

Before you can code sign your application, you need to acquire a code signing certificate. Unlike Apple, Microsoft allows developers to purchase those certificates on the open market. They are usually sold by the same companies also offering HTTPS certificates. Prices vary, so it may be worth your time to shop around. Les revendeurs les plus populaires comprennent :

It is important to call out that since June 2023, Microsoft requires software to be signed with an "extended validation" certificate, also called an "EV code signing certificate". In the past, developers could sign software with a simpler and cheaper certificate called "authenticode code signing certificate" or "software-based OV certificate". These simpler certificates no longer provide benefits: Windows will treat your app as completely unsigned and display the equivalent warning dialogs.

The new EV certificates are required to be stored on a hardware storage module compliant with FIPS 140 Level 2, Common Criteria EAL 4+ or equivalent. In other words, the certificate cannot be simply downloaded onto a CI infrastructure. In practice, those storage modules look like fancy USB thumb drives.

Many certificate providers now offer "cloud-based signing" - the entire signing hardware is in their data center and you can use it to remotely sign code. This approach is popular with Electron maintainers since it makes signing your applications in CI (like GitHub Actions, CircleCI, etc) relatively easy.

At the time of writing, Electron's own apps use DigiCert KeyLocker, but any provider that provides a command line tool for signing files will be compatible with Electron's tooling.

All tools in the Electron ecosystem use @electron/windows-sign and typically expose configuration options through a windowsSign property. You can either use it to sign files directly - or use the same windowsSign configuration across Electron Forge, @electron/packager, electron-winstaller, and electron-wix-msi.

Utilisation d’Electron Forge​

Electron Forge is the recommended way to sign your app as well as your Squirrel.Windows and WiX MSI installers. Detailed instructions on how to configure your application can be found in the Electron Forge Code Signing Tutorial.

Utilisation d'Electron Packager​

If you're not using an integrated build pipeline like Forge, you are likely using @electron/packager, which includes @electron/windows-sign.

If you're using Packager's API, you can pass in configuration that signs your application. If the example below does not meet your needs, please see @electron/windows-sign for the many possible configuration options.

const packager = require('@electron/packager')

packager({
  dir: '/path/to/my/app',
  windowsSign: {
    signWithParams: '--my=custom --parameters',
    // If signtool.exe does not work for you, customize!
    signToolPath: 'C:\\Path\\To\\my-custom-tool.exe'
  }
})

Utilisation de electron-winstaller (Squirrel.Windows)​

electron-winstaller is a package that can generate Squirrel.Windows installers for your Electron app. This is the tool used under the hood by Electron Forge's Squirrel.Windows Maker. Just like @electron/packager, it uses @electron/windows-sign under the hood and supports the same windowsSign options.

const electronInstaller = require('electron-winstaller')
// NB: Utilisez la syntaxe suivante pour toute fonction async, Node does not have support for
//     top-level await as of Node 12.
try {
  await electronInstaller.createWindowsInstaller({
    appDirectory: '/tmp/build/my-app-64',
    outputDirectory: '/tmp/build/installer64',
    authors: 'My App Inc.',
    exe: 'myapp.exe',
    windowsSign: {
      signWithParams: '--my=custom --parameters',
      // If signtool.exe does not work for you, customize!
      signToolPath: 'C:\\Path\\To\\my-custom-tool.exe'
    }
  })
  console.log('It worked!')
} catch (e) {
  console.log(`No dice: ${e.message}`)
}

For full configuration options, check out the electron-winstaller repository!

Utilisation d'electron-wix-msi (WiX MSI)​

electron-wix-msi is a package that can generate MSI installers for your Electron app. This is the tool used under the hood by Electron Forge's MSI Maker. Just like @electron/packager, it uses @electron/windows-sign under the hood and supports the same windowsSign options.

import { MSICreator } from 'electron-wix-msi'

// Step 1: Instantiate the MSICreator
const msiCreator = new MSICreator({
  appDirectory: '/path/to/built/app',
  description: 'My amazing Kitten simulator',
  exe: 'kittens',
  name: 'Kittens',
  manufacturer: 'Kitten Technologies',
  version: '1.1.2',
  outputDirectory: '/path/to/output/folder',
  windowsSign: {
    signWithParams: '--my=custom --parameters',
    // If signtool.exe does not work for you, customize!
    signToolPath: 'C:\\Path\\To\\my-custom-tool.exe'
  }
})

// Step 2: Create a .wxs template file
const supportBinaries = await msiCreator.create()

// 🆕 Step 2a: optionally sign support binaries if you
// sign you binaries as part of of your packaging script
for (const binary of supportBinaries) {
  // Binaries are the new stub executable and optionally
  // the Squirrel auto updater.
  await signFile(binary)
}

// Step 3: Compile the template to a .msi file
await msiCreator.compile()

For full configuration options, check out the electron-wix-msi repository!

Utilisation d'Electron Builder​

Electron Builder est fourni avec une solution personnalisée pour signer votre application. Vous pouvez trouver sa documentation ici.

Signature des applications Windows Store​

See the Windows Store Guide.